\
This version of BIP! Finder aims to ease the exploration of COVID-19-related literature by enabling ranking articles based on various impact metrics.
Last Update: 18 - 01 - 2023 (628506 entries)
Title | Venue | Year | Impact | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1351 | JournalClub | Kidney Int | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1352 | Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Board of Directors 2022-2023 | J Acad Nutr Diet | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1353 | Latin American participation in the scientific production of vaccines against COVID-19 | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1354 | Spatial non-stationary characteristics between grass yield and its influencing factors in the Ningxia temperate grasslands based on a mixed geographically weighted regression model Spatial models are effective in obtaining local details on grassland biomass, and their accuracy has important practical significance for the stable management of grasses and livestock. To this end, the present study utilized measured quadrat data of grass yield across different regions in the main growing season of temperate grasslands in Ningxia of China (August 2020), combined with hydrometeorology, elevation, net primary productivity (NPP), and other auxiliary data over the same period. Accordingly, non-stationary characteristics of the spatial scale, and the effects of influencing factors on grass yield were analyzed using a mixed geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model. The results showed that the model was suitable for correlation analysis. The spatial scale of ratio resident-area index (PRI) was the largest, followed by the digital elevation model, NPP, distance from gully, distance from river, average July rainfall, and daily temperature range; whereas the spatial scales of night light, distance from roads, and relative humidity (RH) were the most limited. All influencing factors maintained positive and negative effects on grass yield, save for the strictly negative effect of RH. The regression results revealed a multiscale differential spatial response regularity of different influencing factors on grass yield. Regression parameters revealed that the results of Ordinary least squares (OLS) (Adjusted R(2) = 0.642) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) (Adjusted R(2) = 0.797) models were worse than those of MGWR (Adjusted R(2) = 0.889) models. Based on the results of the RMSE and radius index, the simulation effect also was MGWR > GWR > OLS models. Ultimately, the MGWR model held the strongest prediction performance (R(2) = 0.8306). Spatially, the grass yield was high in the south and west, and low in the north and east of the study area. The results of this study provide a new technical support for rapid and accurate estimation of grassland yield to dynamically adjust grazing decision in the semi-arid loess hilly region. | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1355 | The impact of COVID-19 on turnover intention among hotel employees: A moderated mediation model This study examines the influence of COVID-19 event strength on the turnover intention of hotel employees by incorporating perceived operating performance and job insecurity as mediators and hotel size as a moderator. A moderated mediation model was employed to test the relationship between COVID-19 event strength and turnover intention. The study reveals that COVID-19 event strength might not significantly affect turnover intention through perceived operating performance, likely affecting job insecurity perception. We infer that such a finding might result from a series of policies implemented by authorities to prevent job insecurity perception of hotel employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, we also reveal that small- and middle-sized hotels mitigate the effect of job insecurity on turnover intention somewhat differently from our expectations. We infer that most of the entrepreneurs and employees in such hotels are from the same town and unlikely to intensify the effect of job insecurity on turnover intention because of close friendships among them. This finding is closely related to cultural factors in China and has rarely been discussed in the existing literature. | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1356 | Willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine in the population aged 80 years and older in Colombia 2021 Objective Colombia designed and adopted a vaccination plan against COVID-19 that will immunize 35 million people. The study aim was to detect the level of willingness to accept vaccination against COVID-19. Methods A telephone survey of 11,721 people aged 80 and over, affiliated with a health insurer, was carried out. The respondents were the affiliates or their relatives or caregivers. Results The average age was 85.0 years (SD: 4.5), with no differences between sexes; 3,344 (28.5%) referred to a previous diagnostic test for COVID-19 and 73 were positive, giving an incidence of 622.8 per 100,000 people (95% CI: 491-778). Regarding attitude to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, 1/4 respondents refrained from giving an opinion or were neutral. When the respondent was a relative, the acceptance of the vaccine was 60.4% (95% CI: 59.5-61.3) with differences by gender: men 62.2% (95% CI: 60.8-63.6) and women 59.2 (95% CI: 58.0-60.3), P <.05. When the respondent was the potential recipient of the vaccine, the acceptance of the vaccine was 61.7% (95% CI: 59.4-64.0) and this also differed by gender: 70.2% in men (95% CI: 66, 9-73.5) and 55.1% in women (95% CI: 52.0-58.3), P <.05. Conclusion The relatively low acceptance of vaccination against COVID-19 in Colombia poses significant challenges to achieve herd immunity that would allow control of the pandemic. | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1357 | Optimizing nursing workload in the intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic: Planning prone positioning Background Prone positioning is a complex, time-consuming task, involving significant intensive care unit staff. The increased workload during the COVID-19 pandemic and the reduced staffing boosted the burden of intensive care unit nurses, which might have a negative impact on patients’ safety and outcomes. Methods Retrospective chart review, analysing the hourly distribution of pronation and supination procedures in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients during the first and the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020–May 2021). Results 303 procedures were analysed: 77 pronation manoeuvres out of 156 (49.3%) and 82 supination out of 147 (55.8%) were performed in dedicated time slots in the afternoon (15.30–19.00) and in the morning (9.30–12.30) shifts, when the nursing staff was increased. At least five healthcare providers performed pronation manoeuvres. Six device displacements were registered. Conclusions Planning complex activities such as prone positioning needs an effective strategy to optimise nursing staff workload in the intensive care unit. This organization allowed to perform pronation cycles with a duration of at least 16 hours, according to current clinical recommendations. | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1358 | Environmental and air quality based impacts of COVID-19 on some countries around the globe: a spatiotemporal perspective Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a novel pandemic disease and was first identified in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019. It has affected the whole world in a short period of time and declared as a sixth global health emergency as it disturbed routine of human being and all life activities. This study presents a review focusing on ongoing pandemic as a disaster that provided a way of opportunity for change towards potentially positive and negative impacts on the environment. The observed positive aspect for environment in the context of short time impacts are improvement in air quality due to reduction in greenhouse gas emission, noise, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter < = 2.5 μm experienced in countries including India, Pakistan, China, USA, Italy, France, Spain, and other European countries. The observed negative impacts include organic waste generation and its mismanagement due to lockdown, non-functioning of waste recycling plants, municipal activities, and medical waste of materials used for personnel care protection. The study is explored through image data available from European Space Agency and National Aeronautical Space Agency to assess positive and negative impacts on environment. With available environmental observations, this review aims to assess impacts of current pandemic on environment focusing on some major Asian, European countries and USA. The present approach enabled determining changes with positive and negative effects on the environment. The observed assessments provide spatiotemporal based support for theoretical perspective that pandemic disasters can provide a way of opportunity for positive change in environment with slight negative environmental change. | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1359 | Krisenthemen in Familien zu Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie: „Homeoffice mit Kindern ist wie Zähneputzen mit Nutella" During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Germany, families with children, in particular, were faced with a huge challenge. Over the course of time the first lockdown seemed striking, as the differentiated family life was practically exclusively concentrated on the domestic environment and educational and care facilities were closed. The curtailing of the public infrastructure is defined here as the core crisis phenomenon for families. The focus of this article is on the evaluation of 5075 comments from the online questionnaire on the study “KiCo—Children, parents and their experiences during the corona pandemic”, in which over 25,000 parents with children under 15 years old participated in April and May 2020. The comments are mostly from mothers aged 30–50 years old, the majority of whom were working from home at the time of the survey and had 1–2 children. Based on the comments, it could be reconstructed how the crisis experience was dealt with and how the narrative of the crisis was referred to in the first 2 months of the pandemic in Germany. The following categories could be identified: the duration of the crisis (time), crisis as a chance for change in society, the crisis of democracy, crisis as a chance for the family and the sufferers of the crisis. | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1360 | Factors Influencing Private Forest Owners' Readiness to Perform Forest Management Services Within a Machinery Ring The cooperation of private forest owners has been recognized in many European countries, including Slovenia, as a key forest policy instrument to support sustainable management of private forests and implement policy objectives. In Slovenia, private forest owners have the opportunity to cooperate in machinery rings (an organised form of neighbourhood assistance as an association of farmers and private forest owners) to solve forest management related problems and more efficiently use of mechanization. The aim of this study is to determine the readiness of private forest owner to perform forest management services within machinery rings and to understand how property characteristics, forest management activities and owners’ socio-demographic characteristics influence their decisions. In 2020, a survey of machinery rings members (n = 438) was conducted in which 24 machinery rings participated, representing 64,9% of the total number of machinery rings currently operating in Slovenia. The results show that only 18,3% of the machinery ring member perform forest management services within the machinery ring. A random utility model results showed that the readiness of private forest owners to perform forest management services within a machinery ring is influenced by forest property size and owners age. To motivate private forest owners to perform a forest management activity within a machinery ring more frequently, it is important to identify the profile of owners ready to perform services and provide a mix of innovative and supportive policy instruments to achieve the desired forest policy outcomes. | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1361 | Urban design in China | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1362 | Sports and Physical Activity Attenuate the Emotional Toll of the Covid-19 Pandemic BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the alterations or restrictions of youth sports and physical activity. These changes may have had negative ramifications on anxiety and both physical and psychological readiness to return to sport in youth athletes. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: Our purpose was to investigate the relationships between the physical and mental health ramifications on youth athletes during restricted sport activities that resulted from COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. Our hypothesis was that youth athletes who participated in a similar or greater volume of organized sports would have less anxiety during the COVID-19 stay-at-home orders compared with those who reported a decrease in organized sport volume. METHODS: Our cross-sectional study evaluated male and female athletes who competed in club sports (e.g., non-school sponsored) at the time of questionnaire completion. All participants completed an online questionnaire between July 15, 2020 and August 10, 2020. We asked participants to report the average hours/week they spent in organized sports or physical activity unrelated to their sport prior to COVID-19 and currently. We grouped participants on whether they had a decrease or increase/no change in their reported activity level. Participants also completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 192 participants (13.0±2.2 years of age; range= 6-18 years, 56% female) completed the study. On average, participants reported 2.3 (SD+5.2) fewer hours of sport training per week during the COVID-19 stay-at-home orders compared to prior. Over half (56%) of participants reported a decreased training volume during stay-at-home orders, and 44% reported a similar or increased training volume (Table 1). The respondents reporting decreased training volumes had significantly greater anxiety scores than those who reported similar training volumes (Figure 1). After adjusting for the potential confounders of age, sex, and body size, decreased training volumes during stay-at-home orders were significantly associated with higher anxiety levels (β coefficient = 2.02; 95% confidence interval = 0.64, 3.41; p = 0.005). Those with decreased training volumes were more likely to report feeling undertrained (72% vs 30%, p<0.001) and less physically ready to return to sport (56% vs 88%, p<0.001) compared to those with similar/increased training volumes (Table 1). CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in decreased training volumes and higher anxiety scores (mean difference= 1.9 GAD-7 points, 95% confidence interval= 0.6, 3.2) compared with athletes who reported similar/increased training volumes. Lastly, those in the decreased training cohort felt both under-trained and less physically ready to return to sports. | Orthop J Sports Med | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1363 | The Efficacy of a Mental Skills Training Course for Collegiate Athletes BACKGROUND: Psychological skills training has been shown to improve performance in athletes. However, few studies have looked at the efficacy of mental skills training programs in young athletes. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate satisfaction of collegiate athletes with a 6-session mental skills course, and to assess changes in mental toughness and coping skills before and after the course. METHODS: We conducted a 6-session mental skills training program with Division I female collegiate athletes during the fall of 2020. Athletes completed pre-course, post-course, and 4-month questionnaires to assess efficacy of the course, as well as their satisfaction. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, none of the athletes were actively competing at the time of the course or during follow-up surveys. Demographic information was collected and the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI, range=0-84) and Mental Toughness Inventory (MTI, range=8-56) were used to assess coping skills and mental toughness at all time points. Satisfaction was assessed on a ten-point scale, with 10 being most satisfied. RESULTS: Fifty-four Division I female athletes participated in the program. Mean age was 19.8 years, 61% reported training in their sport for 8 or more months a year, 26% reported history of mental health conditions, and 22% reported being injured or recovering from injury at the time of participation. For participants with paired pre- and post-course data (n=37, 68.5%), MTI scores improved by a mean 2.6 points (95% CI=1.1-4.1; p=0.001) and ASCI scores improved by a mean 4.0 points (95% CI=0.6-7.4; p=0.02) from pre- to post-course. For participants with paired data for pre-course and four-month follow-up (n=25, 46.2%), no change was detected in mean MTI score (p=0.72). There was, however, a mean increase of 3.4 points in mean ASCI from pre-course to four-month follow-up (95% CI=0.4-6.4; p=0.03). Overall satisfaction had a median score of 9/10 at the post-course assessment, and eighteen participants (18/37, 48.6%) shared positive free-text comments regarding course delivery, content, and impact. No negative feedback was reported. CONCLUSION: Following a 6-session mental skills course in collegiate female athletes, mental toughness and coping skills scores significantly improved at post-course assessment. Athletes reported being highly satisfied with the content of the course and reported overall positive experiences. | Orthop J Sports Med | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1364 | Did the Covid-19 Pandemic Affect Psychological Readiness to Return-To-Sport in Young Athletes Undergoing ACL Reconstruction? BACKGROUND: Return-to-sport (RTS) following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is influenced by multiple physical and psychological variables. Psychological readiness has been associated with improved patient reported outcomes as well as RTS rates in young athletes. The COVID-19 pandemic may have altered the typical recovery process for patients undergoing ACLR. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: To compare 6-month postoperative levels of psychological readiness to RTS in ACLR patients before and during the pandemic. METHODS: Patients were prospectively enrolled 6 months after primary ACLR at a single academic sports medicine practice, from December 2018 until May 2021. Patients were categorized into pre-COVID (enrollment prior to March 13, 2020) and COVID groups (March 13, 2020 - May 26, 2021). Demographic information, outcomes scores including the ACL-Return to Sport after Injury Scale (RSI) and PROMIS Psychological Stress Experiences (PROMIS-PSE), and physician RTS clearance were obtained and compared for both groups. Comparisons were performed utilizing Chi-square, Student’s t-tests and linear regression. A matched analysis was conducted between groups controlling for age, sex, and graft type. RESULTS: 231 patients were included in the present study (89 males, 142 females; mean age 16.9 years), with 76% (176/231) in the pre-COVID group and 24% (55/231) in the COVID group. There were no significant differences in age and sex between the two population cohorts. There was a significant difference in time from surgery to enrollment in the COVID group compared to the pre-COVID group (7.1 vs 6.2 months, p<0.001). In the matched cohort (n=126, 37/126 COVID group), the COVID group was cleared earlier by their physician to RTS compared to the pre-COVID group (6.9 months vs 8.5 months, p<0.001). While there was no significant difference between groups in 6 month ACL-RSI scores (63.8 pre-COVID vs 66.6 COVID, p=0.48), both groups yielded globally low scores. There were no significant associations between matched groups in PROMIS-PSE (p=0.71), IKDC (p=0.55), Pedi-IKDC (p=0.15), and Pedi-FABS (p=0.77) scores (Table 1). CONCLUSION: Young athletes demonstrated similar levels of psychological readiness to RTS at 6 months following ACLR prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patient-reported outcome scores were similar in pre-COVID and COVID ACLR patients, suggesting that the pandemic may not have played a detrimental role in perceptions of recovery. Psychological readiness may not be fully optimized at 6 months post-ACLR and young athletes may benefit from additional time and training for progressive confidence, muscle strength, and performance. | Orthop J Sports Med | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1365 | Quantifying the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Youth Sports-Related Injuries BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a tremendous impact on youth sports participation for children and adolescents in the United States. Prior work demonstrated that pandemic-related closures led to a significant reduction in pediatric sports-related injury in the first half of 2020. However, these trends have yet to be evaluated on a national level and during the latter half of the year when organized youth sports began to re-emerge. PURPOSE: To estimate monthly and annual trends in youth sports-related injury over the last 5 years using a national injury database in order to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on overall and sport-specific rates of injury. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database identifying children and adolescents (0-18yo) presenting to US emergency departments with sport participation product codes (Table 1). Cases associated with >1 product code were excluded. The monthly and annual frequency of sports-related injuries was estimated. Quasi-experimental interrupted time series analysis was performed using the period of March-December 2020 as a binary variable. Differences in total and sport-specific injury estimates were calculated with pre-and post-trend analysis of the interrupted time series. RESULTS: Our study criteria identified 152,560 youth sports-related injury cases corresponding to a national estimate of 4,582,892 injuries from 2016-2020 (95% CI=4,420,534-4,745,250). The mean yearly estimate from 2016-2019 was 1,041,944 injuries [890,047-1,193,841]. An estimated 415,115 injuries [357,779-480,594] occurred in 2020. Seasonal peaks in September and May were identified. There was a statistically significant decrease in national youth sports-related injuries that coincided with the nationwide COVID-19 shutdown in March 2020 (56,945 [33,143-80,747] fewer monthly injuries (P < 0.0001)). From March-December 2020, an estimated 457,221 [388,450-525,992] fewer sports-related injuries occurred than would have been expected based on prior trends. Sport-specific analyses (Table 1) demonstrated the greatest reduction of estimated injuries from March-December 2020 occurred in basketball (137,772 fewer injuries [130,192-145,246]), football (123,345 fewer injuries [86,883-159,807]), and soccer (70,383 fewer injuries [65,849-74,919]). Estimates of injuries associated with wrestling, ice hockey, and cheerleading had the greatest proportional reduction during the March-December time period (99%, 93%, and 79% respectively.) CONCLUSION: There was a significant reduction in youth sports-related injuries in 2020 coinciding with the nationwide COVID-19 shutdowns in March 2020 and persisting throughout the remainder of the year. Reduced injury burden was most notable for contact sports including basketball, football, and soccer. | Orthop J Sports Med | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1366 | The Impact of sport particiaption on the Health of Adolescents During the CoVID-19 pandemic BACKGROUND: Since April 2020, some high schools were closed to in-person teaching, and interscholastic and club sports were cancelled in an attempt to slow the spread of COVID-19. While some US adolescents participated in sports since April 2020, other US adolescents did not participate in sports during this time. It is unknown what effect sport participation has had on the health of adolescents. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: To identify how sport participation during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the health of adolescents. METHODS: Adolescents across the US were recruited via social media to complete an online survey in the spring of 2021. Participants were asked to report their demographics (age, gender, race), whether they participated in school club or school sports since May 2020, type of school they attended (in-person, online, hybrid), and measures of mental health (MH), physical activity (PA) and quality of life (QoL). Assessments included the: General Anxiety Disorder-7 Item (GAD-7) for anxiety, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Item (PHQ-9) for depression, Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale (PFABS) for physical activity, and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL) for quality of life. Assessment scores were compared for respondents who participated in sports (PAR) with those that did not participate in sports (NoPAR). Univariable comparisons between the groups were made via t-tests or chi-square tests while means for continuous outcome measures were compared between the groups by ANOVA models that controlled for age, gender, race and the type of school attendance. RESULTS: 4,693 adolescents (52% female, Age = 16.1+1.3 yrs., grades 9–12) from 38 states participated in the study with PAR = 4,286 (91%) and NoPAR = 407 (9%). NoPAR participants reported a higher prevalence of moderate to severe levels of anxiety (29.3% vs 21.3%, p<0.001) and depression (40.7% vs 19.8%, p<0.001). NoPAR participants reported lower (worse) PFABS scores (mean 13.2 [95%CI 12.4, 13.9] vs 21.2 [20.7, 21.6] p<0.001) and lower (worse) PedsQL total scores compared to the PAR group (77.9 [76.5, 79.3] vs. 83.2 [82.3, 84.1], p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents who did not play a sport during the COVID-19 pandemic reported significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression, as well as lower physical activity and quality of life scores compared to adolescents who did play a school or club sport. Participation in organized sports may offer an important opportunity to improve physical activity and mental health for adolescents during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. | Orthop J Sports Med | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1367 | A Multi-Agent-Based Simulation Model for the Spreading of Diseases Through Social Interactions During Pandemics Epidemiological models have a vital and consolidated role in aiding decision-making during crises such as the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the influence of social interactions in the spreading of communicable diseases is left aside from the main models in the literature. The main contribution of this work is the introduction of a probabilistic simulation model based on a multi-agent approach that is capable of predicting the spreading of diseases. Our proposal has a simple model for the main source of infections in pandemics of respiratory viruses: social interactions. This simplicity is key for incorporating complex networks topology into the model, which is a more accurate representation for real-world interactions. This flexibility in network structure allows the evaluation of specific phenomena, such as the presence of super-spreaders. We provide the modeling for the dynamical network topology in two different simulation scenarios. Another contribution is the generic microscopic model for infection evolution that enables the evaluation of impact from more specific behaviors and interventions on the overall spreading of the disease. It also enables a more intuitive process for going from data to model parameters. This ease of changing the infection evolution model is key for performing more complete analyses than would be possible in other models from the literature. Further, we give specific parameters for a controlled scenario with quick testing and tracing. We present computational results that illustrate the model utilization for predicting the spreading of COVID-19 in a city. Also, we show the results of applying the model for assessing the risk of resuming on-site activities at a collective use facility. | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1368 | Adjustable lighting system based on circadian rhythm for human comfort The artificial lighting condition in which humans are exposed have been proven as a harmful factor on their well-being, which is regulated mainly by circadian rhythm. Especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, where external factors forced the society to adapt into new standards when it comes to their jobs and regular activities, lockdowns and work-from-home made most people start spending a portion of their life exposed to artificial sources of light. Technological advances have made lights more efficient and improved their intensity. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs), for example, generally produce high-intensity bluish tone light, which may affect the circadian rhythm. However, it is possible to create lighting systems able to vary the intensity and correlated color temperature (CCT) of the lighting. This work proposes a lighting system that allows adjusting the intensity and CCT of light via remote control on a smartphone application synchronized with time, following a pattern that aims avoid the undesirable artificial lighting effects on circadian rhythm. Using two LED arrays containing 10 LEDs each, suitable results were reached, presenting maximum difference of 3.35 % for CCT and 5.57 % for luminous flux in comparison with reference values. | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1369 | Michael Ignatieff, On Consolation: Finding Solace in Dark Times: Picador, London, 2021, 284 pp., ISBN: 978-1529053777 | Society | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1370 | Endomembrane remodeling in SARS-CoV-2 infection During severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the viral proteins intimately interact with host factors to remodel the endomembrane system at various steps of the viral lifecycle. The entry of SARS-CoV-2 can be mediated by endocytosis-mediated internalization. Virus-containing endosomes then fuse with lysosomes, in which the viral S protein is cleaved to trigger membrane fusion. Double-membrane vesicles generated from the ER serve as platforms for viral replication and transcription. Virions are assembled at the ER–Golgi intermediate compartment and released through the secretory pathway and/or lysosome-mediated exocytosis. In this review, we will focus on how SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins collaborate with host factors to remodel the endomembrane system for viral entry, replication, assembly and egress. We will also describe how viral proteins hijack the host cell surveillance system — the autophagic degradation pathway — to evade destruction and benefit virus production. Finally, potential antiviral therapies targeting the host cell endomembrane system will be discussed. | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1371 | Risk Factors for Severity and Mortality in Adult Patients Confirmed with COVID-19 in Sierra Leone: A Retrospective Study BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious respiratory disease. There is no recommended antiviral treatment approved for COVID-19 in Sierra Leone, and supportive care and protection of vital organ function are performed for the patients. This study summarized the clinical characteristics, drug treatments, and risk factors for the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 in Sierra Leone to provide evidence for the treatment of COVID-19. METHODS: Data of 180 adult COVID-19 patients from the 34th Military Hospital in Freetown Sierra Leone between March 31, 2020 and August 11, 2020 were retrospectively collected. Patients with severe and critically ill are classified in the severe group, while patients that presented asymptomatic, mild, and moderate disease were grouped in the non-severe group. The clinical and laboratory information was retrospectively collected to assess the risk factors and treatment strategies for severe COVID-19. Demographic information, travel history, clinical symptoms and signs, laboratory detection results, chest examination findings, therapeutics, and clinical outcomes were collected from each case file. Multivariate logistic analysis was adopted to identify the risk factors for deaths. Additionally, the clinical efficacy of dexamethasone treatment was investigated. RESULTS: Seventy-six (42.22%) cases were confirmed with severe COVID-19, while 104 patients (57.78%) were divided into the non-severe group. Fever (56.67%, 102/180) and cough (50.00%, 90/180) were the common symptoms of COVID-19. The death rate was 18.89% (34/180), and severe pneumonia (44.12%, 15/34) and septic shock (23.53%, 8/34) represented the leading reasons for deaths. The older age population, a combination of hypertension and diabetes, the presence of pneumonia, and high levels of inflammatory markers were significantly associated with severity of COVID-19 development (P < 0.05 for all). Altered level of consciousness [odds ratio (OR) = 56.574, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.645–566.940, P = 0.001], high levels of neutrophils (OR = 1.341, 95%CI 1.109–1.621, P = 0.002) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR = 1.014, 95%CI 1.003–1.025, P = 0.016) might be indicators for COVID-19 deaths. Dexamethasone treatment could reduce mortality [30.36% (17/56) vs. 50.00% (10/20)] among severe COVID-19 cases, but the results were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The development and prognosis of COVID-19 may be significantly correlated with consciousness status, and the levels of neutrophils and CRP. | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1372 | Analysis of factors influencing the effectiveness of MET instructors The Maritime Education and Training (MET) instructors play an important role in maritime safety. They educate, train and prepare new and existing seafarers for efficient and safe job performance and ultimately shape the safety and sustainability of shipping operations. To assist instructors in performing their tasks appropriately, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has developed various IMO model courses. The paper addresses the factors that bear upon the effectiveness of instructors at MET institutions. The authors developed a questionnaire with the aim of identifying the most significant factors from the instructors’ perspective and investigating whether there were correlations between factors and if they affected each other. The survey included 113 participants from 26 countries. In addition to descriptive statistics, Fisher’s exact test and chi-square test were used to analyse the obtained data and investigate the possible correlation between instructors’ competencies and perceptions of the factors affecting the teaching effectiveness. Finally, the research findings and the main conclusions and recommendations that emerge from these findings are presented. | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1373 | High-performance Electret and Antibacterial Polypropylene Meltblown Nonwoven Materials Doped with Boehmite and ZnO Nanoparticles for Air Filtration The current pandemic caused by COVID-19 has intensively triggered the development of high-performance air filters. Polypropylene (PP) is widely used as the raw material of meltblown nonwoven materials and is the core layer in air filters, such as masks. In this study, an electret PP meltblown nonwoven with antibacterial activity was developed, and nano boehmite (AlOOH) and nano-ZnO were employed as electret and antibacterial agents, respectively. AlOOH (0.5–2.0 wt%) and ZnO (1.0 wt%) were doped into the PP matrix using a twin-screw extruder, and the resulting masterbatches were applied as raw materials to produce nonwoven materials via a meltblown process. The as-prepared nonwoven samples were characterized by means of SEM, IR and DSC/TG. After corona charging, the filtration efficiency was determined by a filtration tester, charge decay was measured by an infrared electrostatic tester, and the antibacterial properties were evaluated (evaluation method: AATCC 100–2012). A dosage of AlOOH greater than 1.0 wt% endowed the nonwoven material with high filtration efficiency, and 1.0 wt% ZnO brought about antibacterial activity. Corona charging was an effective means to charge the nonwoven electret, and the charges were quicker to decay in air than in a sealed bag. The as-prepared meltblown nonwoven filter is a remarkably promising filter for air filtration. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL (ESM): The online version of this article (doi: 10.1007/s12221-022-4786-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1374 | Flexural Properties of Multi-Tow Structures Constructed from Glass/Polypropylene Tape under Various Manufacturing Conditions In this study, a multi-tow structure that can provide load-bearing functionality was fabricated through a proposed consolidation process proposed using polypropylene-impregnated continuous-glass-fiber composite tape (glass/PP tape). The flexural properties of the multi-tow structure were analyzed to evaluate the influence of the processing temperature, processing speed, number of glass/PP tapes, and glass fiber content of the glass/PP tapes. The proposed process for constructing the multi-tow structure can generate straight, curved, and looped three-dimensional structures by using a multi-joint robot and instantaneous consolidation of glass/PP tapes. As the number of glass/PP tapes increased, the resin-rich area increased and the void volume fraction in the multi-tow structure increased from 2 to 5 vol%, while the flexural strength decreased. However, when the number of glass/PP tapes and processing temperature were adjusted appropriately, the flexural strength of the multi-tow structure that can be constructed at speeds 30 times faster than those of conventional pultrusion process was relatively superior. The results of a finite element analysis, confirmed that the inclusion of the proposed multi-tow structure in a bumper beam was effective in reducing deformation and absorbing the impact energy due to external loads. | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1375 | Re-opening the Bangladesh economy: search for a framework using a riskimportance space The novel coronavirus has infected more than 50 million people worldwide. Countries that have been on lockdown for more than three months have partially started to reopen their economies, including Bangladesh. This study aims to assess the reopening policies in Bangladesh by mapping the economic sectors in a risk-importance space and using that to develop a phased reopening strategy. This study conducted 100 expert interviews to identify sectors critical to the reopening of the economy and sectors that carry high transmission risks of the disease. The convenience sampling and snowball method were applied to reach the economic sector experts. Quadrant analysis was applied to classify sectors according to their importance to the economy and propensity to spread the disease. Pharmaceuticals and grocery have been identified as allowed sectors due to their contribution to the economy but pose relatively less risk of spreading COVID-19, whereas RMG and other exports identify as alert sectors. Based on findings, a sector-based, three-phase reopening strategy has been proposed for the economy that might prevent the spreading of COVID-19. The proposed framework can act as a guiding principle for any country to offer a step by step reopening strategy. | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1376 | Contribution of hotels' revenue management for supply chain sustainability Revenue management (RM) on chain hotels versus independent hotels intends to create value for the activity, manage revenue, and control costs for profit efficiency. The article presents a simplified analysis of its management that intends to benefit suppliers, hotels, and hotels' level of service and how it is being seen nowadays. There was drawn a research question in this study: to understand how it is perceived the impacts of RM on supply chain management (SCM)? This essay aims to bring a two-ways input (from and to), hotel managers, hotel professional revenue managers, and supply chain managers. Due to the pandemic, all data for forecasting and analysis have been reconsidered because they cannot be related to further implications caused by the market changes and guests' behaviors, making this research relevant at this period. | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1377 | Avoiding real news, believing in fake news? Investigating pathways from information overload to misbelief This study sought to examine the potential role of news avoidance in belief in COVID-19 misinformation. Using two-wave panel survey data in Singapore, we found that information overload is associated with news fatigue as well as with difficulty in analyzing information. News fatigue and analysis paralysis also subsequently led to news avoidance, which increased belief in COVID-19 misinformation. However, this link is present only among those who are frequently exposed to misinformation about COVID-19. | Journalism (Lond) | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1378 | The structures that shape news consumption: Evidence from the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic Researchers and practitioners increasingly believe that journalism must improve its relationship with audiences to increase the likelihood that people will consume and support news. In this paper, we argue that this assumption overlooks the importance of structural- and individual-level factors in shaping news audience behavior. Drawing on Giddens’ theory of structuration, we suggest that, when it comes to the amount of time that people devote to news, consumers’ choices are guided more by life circumstances than by news preferences. To illustrate this point, we draw on a combination of interview and audience analytics data collected when so many people’s life circumstances changed: the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that people consumed more news during the early months of the pandemic than normal because (1) they had more time on their hands due to things like shelter-in-place orders, layoffs, and shifts to working from home and (2) they were more interested in understanding the coronavirus’ spread and risks as well as the preventative measures being pursued. We conclude that journalists should embrace “journalistic humility,” thereby acknowledging and accepting that they have much less control over the reception of their work than they would like to believe. | Journalism (Lond) | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1379 | Political communication, press coverage and public interpretation of public health statistics during the coronavirus pandemic in the UK This article examines the way numbers, often concerning risk, were communicated by politicians, covered by the news media and interpreted by the public during the early stages of the COVID-19 crisis in the United Kingdom. To explore this topic, we adopted a mixed-methods approach that included content analysis, comparative thematic analysis and a series of focus groups. Whilst coherency and consistency are touted as essentials in public health messaging, our textual analysis highlighted the disconnect between political communication and news media coverage. Whereas the UK government relied on vague references to curves and peaks to underpin a narrative of consistency and certainty in public health policy, the UK news media referred to specific numbers from within and outside the UK to criticise the government's approach as haphazard and lacking. This disconnect gained even more significance during our focus groups. When discussing numbers, participants referred to news media coverage rather than political messaging, using these figures to challenge the timing and nature of the UK lockdown. These findings present a significant critique of the UK government's communication during this health crisis. Instead of putting forward a coherent, homogenous and clear message to the public, the discourse around numbers and risk was diffracted, disconnected and opaque. This was largely due to the competing narratives presented by the news media. | Eur J Commun | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1380 | Using CATA and Machine Learning to Operationalize Old Constructs in New Ways: An Illustration Using US Governors' COVID-19 Press Briefings Increased computing power and greater access to online data have led to rapid growth in the use of computer-aided text analysis (CATA) and machine learning methods. Using “big data”, researchers have not only advanced new streams of research, but also new research methodologies. Noting this trend and simultaneously recognizing the value of traditional research methods, we lay out a methodology that bridges the gap between old and new approaches to operationalize old constructs in new ways. With a combination of web scraping, CATA, and supervised machine learning, using labeled ground truth data (i.e., data with known inputs and outputs), we train a model to predict CIP (Charismatic-Ideological-Pragmatic) leadership styles from running text. To illustrate this method, we apply the model to classify U.S. state governors’ COVID-19 press briefings according to their CIP leadership style. In addition, we demonstrate content and convergent validity of the method. | Organ Res Methods | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1381 | Relationship Status-Based Health Disparities during the COVID-19 Pandemic Previous research finds that marriage is a privileged family form with health benefits. These health advantages may have shifted during the pandemic, as more time was spent at home and resources strained. This study compares differences in three health outcomes across relationship statuses between April and December 2020 using a nationally-representative US survey, the Household Pulse Survey (N = 1,422,733). As the pandemic progressed, larger differences emerged when comparing married and never married respondents’ probabilities of fair or poor health, depression, and anxiety as never married people had the steepest decline in health, even adjusting for pandemic-related stressors (e.g., food insufficiency). Yet, widowed and divorced/separated respondents’ greater probabilities of these three health outcomes compared to married respondents’ narrowed over this same period. During the pandemic, relationship status and self-rated health patterns were similar for men and women, but for mental health there was evidence that the growing advantage of marriage relative to never being married was more pronounced for men, whereas the shrinking advantage of marriage relative to being previously married was more pronounced for women. This study identifies the unique health needs for never married adults during the pandemic, demonstrating that social conditions around the pandemic likely exacerbated health disparities by relationship status. | Soc Curr | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1382 | Emotional responses to a global stressor: Average patterns and individual differences Major stressors often challenge emotional well-being—increasing negative emotions and decreasing positive emotions. But how long do these emotional hits last? Prior theory and research contain conflicting views. Some research suggests that most individuals’ emotional well-being will return to, or even surpass, baseline levels relatively quickly. Others have challenged this view, arguing that this type of resilient response is uncommon. The present research provides a strong test of resilience theory by examining emotional trajectories over the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. In two pre-registered longitudinal studies (total N =1147), we examined average emotional trajectories and predictors of individual differences in emotional trajectories across 13 waves of data from February through September 2020. The pandemic had immediate detrimental effects on average emotional well-being. Across the next 6 months, average negative emotions returned to baseline levels with the greatest improvements occurring almost immediately. Yet, positive emotions remained depleted relative to baseline levels, illustrating the limits of typical resilience. Individuals differed substantially around these average emotional trajectories and these individual differences were predicted by socio-demographic characteristics and stressor exposure. We discuss theoretical implications of these findings that we hope will contribute to more nuanced approaches to studying, understanding, and improving emotional well-being following major stressors. | Eur J Pers | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1383 | Reimagining Expectations and Rigor in the College Classroom Amid the Global Pandemic: Lessons from the Field | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1384 | How are children coping with COVID-19 health crisis? Analysing their representations of lockdown through drawings Spain is one of the European countries most affected of COVID-19, and also the one with the most stringent restrictions for children. This study aims to explore how COVID-19 lockdown affects children by analysing 151 drawings from children in lockdown. Findings were represented in four main categories: (1) Activities; (2) Emotions; (3) Socialization; and (4) Academic. The results indicate the need to manage the lockdown situation taking into account also children’s voices and by placing greater emphasis on social and inclusive policies to help alleviate the possible effects of the pandemic and the lockdown on them. | Childhood | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1385 | What Happened When COVID-19 Shut Down In-Person Higher Education? Parents Speak Out | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1386 | 'Abba Kyari did not die of Coronavirus': Social media and fake news during a global pandemic in Nigeria This study examined the influence of fake news online on how social media users viewed and reacted to the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Analyses of an online survey (N = 254) and contents from Twitter users in Nigeria from the hashtags: ‘#coronavirusNigeria’ and ‘#covid19Nigeria’ (N = 10,408), reveal that social media users in Nigeria used Twitter to inform and educate Twitter users as well as debunking fake news stories about the virus to prevent purveyors of fake news from misleading Twitter users in Nigeria. Findings further indicate that those who use social media platforms and national television as main sources of news and are less educated, are statistically more likely to believe fake news about the virus than those who are educated and used newspapers as main sources of news. Consequently, the study recommends that Nigerian political leaders enact policies that they can observe as their inability to adhere to their own lockdowns powered fake news about COVID-19 in Nigeria. | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1387 | COVID-19 pandemic and economic scenarios for Ontario To study the efficacy of the public policy response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, we develop a model of the rich interactions between epidemiology and socioeconomic choices. Preferences feature a “fear of death” that lead individuals to reduce their social activity and work time in the face of the pandemic. The aggregate effect of these reductions is to slow the spread of the novel coronavirus. We calibrate the model, including public policies, to developments in Ontario in the spring of 2020. The model fits the epidemiological data quite well, including the second wave starting in late 2020. We find that socioeconomic interventions work well in the short term, resulting in a rapid drop‐off in new cases. The long run, however, is governed chiefly by health developments. Welfare cost calculations point to synergies between the health and socioeconomic measures. | Can J Econ | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1388 | Pandemics through the lens of occupations We outline a macro‐pandemic model where individuals can select into working from home or in the market. Market work increases the risk of infection. Occupations differ in the ease of substitution between market and home work and in the risk of infection. We examine the evolution of a pandemic in the model as well as its macroeconomic and distributional consequences. The model is calibrated to British Columbian data to examine the implications of shutting down different industries by linking industries to occupations. We find that endogenous choice to self‐isolate is key: it reduces the peak weekly infection rate by two percentage points but reduces the trough consumption level by four percentage points, even without policy‐mandated lockdowns. The model also produces widening consumption inequality, a fact that has characterized COVID‐19. | Can J Econ | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1389 | Consumer credit usage in Canada during the coronavirus pandemic The recent COVID‐19 pandemic has devastated economies worldwide. Using detailed, monthly data from a major consumer credit reporting agency in Canada, we have examined individuals’ use of credit cards and home‐equity lines of credit (HELOCs). We found a dramatic leftward shift in the distribution of credit card and HELOC outstanding balances, providing evidence for a widespread reduction in credit usage. Our findings suggest that, during the COVID‐19 recession, Canadian consumers were able to meet their financial needs without increasing their debt burdens. These results complement other findings concerning a decline in consumer spending and the results of government assistance programs, and imply that the economic consequences of this pandemic are very different from those in other recessions. | Can J Econ | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1390 | Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Colombian labour market: Disentangling the effect of sector-specific mobility restrictions We assess the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic and particularly the sector‐specific mobility restrictions on the Colombian labour market. We exploit the sectoral and temporal variation of the restriction policies to identify their effect. Mobility restrictions significantly reduced employment, accounting for approximately a quarter of the total job loss between February and April of 2020. The remaining three quarters of the job losses could be attributed to the disease's regional patterns and other epidemiological and economic factors affecting the whole country. Therefore, we should expect important employment losses even in the absence of such restrictions. We also assess the effect of restrictions on the intensive margin, finding negative, although smaller effects on the number of hours worked and wages. Most of the employment effect is driven by salaried workers, while self‐employment was more responsive to the disease spread. Finally, we find that women are disproportionally affected: mobility restrictions account for a third of the recent increase of the gender gap in salaried employment. | Can J Econ | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1391 | US Fiscal policy during and after the coronavirus COVID‐related government outlays will increase the level of government debt. A macroeconomic model, calibrated to the US, quantitatively assesses potential responses to this higher debt. In terms of economic welfare, reducing debt through capital incomes tax hikes is the least desirable option considered: the associated tax base is small, and anticipating such a tax increase reduces capital accumulation. There is little to choose between fiscal austerity through government spending cuts versus raising labour income tax rates. Accommodating higher government debt is welfare‐improving but still requires substantial fiscal austerity owing to higher debt servicing costs. | Can J Econ | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1392 | Introduction to the Special Issue on COVID Economics | Can J Econ | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1393 | A macroeconomic model of an epidemic with silent transmission and endogenous self-isolation I study the interaction between epidemics and economic decisions in a model where: (i) agents allocate their time to market and home production and social and home leisure, (ii) these activities differ in their degree of contagiousness, (iii) some infected individuals are indistinguishable from susceptible individuals and (iv) agents are not necessarily rational. For baseline parameter values for the COVID‐19 pandemic, I find that agents partially self‐isolate by allocating more time to home activities and that the effective reproduction number of the disease stabilizes at 1. Detection and isolation of infected individuals severely mitigate the recession and deaths caused by the pandemic. | Can J Econ | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1394 | Sectoral digital intensity and GDP growth after a large employment shock: A simple extrapolation exercise We introduce a state‐dependent algorithm with minimal data requirements for predicting output dynamics as a function of employment across industries and locations. The method generalizes insights of Okun (1963) by leveraging measures of industry heterogeneity. We use the algorithm to examine gross domestic product (GDP) dynamics following the COVID‐19 pandemic of 2020, delivering informative projections of aggregate and sectoral output. Because the pandemic curtailed the ability to perform certain tasks at work, our application examines whether greater reliance on digital technologies can mediate employment and productivity losses. We use industry‐level indices of digital task intensity and ability to work from home, together with publicly available data on employment and GDP for Canada, to document that: (i) employment responses after the shock's onset are milder in digitally intensive sectors and (ii) conditional on the size of employment changes, GDP responses are less extreme in digitally intensive sectors. Our projections indicate a return to pre‐crisis aggregate output within eight quarters of the initial shock with significant heterogeneity in recovery patterns across sectors. | Can J Econ | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1395 | Domestic help and the gender division of domestic labor during the COVID-19 pandemic: Gender inequality among Japanese parents The enduring COVID‐19 pandemic has gradually transformed our everyday lives. This study focuses on changes in work and family arrangements, with particular focus on changes in domestic help, and examines its impact on the division of domestic labor. Using a social survey of work and the family conducted in November 2020 and May 2021, the results show that from January 2020 (pre‐pandemic) to May 2021, approximately 40% of respondents experienced a reduced gender gap for housework and childcare, while a large gender gap is still observed in the absolute frequency of undertaking domestic labor. Some lifestyle changes triggered by the pandemic, such as an increase in the use of takeaways or delivery meals, and the expansion of working from home, are found to be able to contribute a shift toward more equal sharing of domestic labor. However, the fact that the access to such lifestyle changes is more common among those with a relatively high income or high educational background suggests that the lifestyle changes imposed by the pandemic may exacerbate class disparities in the gender gap in domestic labor. Furthermore, the results show that decreased kinship support results in a greater childcare burden being placed on women. | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1396 | Introduction: Challenges of COVID-19 pandemic to Japanese society | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1397 | Introduction to the Special Section "Lingering Impact of COVID-19 on Educational Measurement" | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1398 | COVID-19 et travail informel: les enseignements d'une étude sur la situation dans onze grandes villes Les auteurs présentent les conclusions d'une étude dirigée par le réseau Femmes dans l'emploi informel: globalisation et organisation (WIEGO) sur les effets de la crise du COVID‐19 sur les travailleurs informels. L'analyse porte sur quatre professions et onze grandes villes de cinq régions. Il y est question du travail et des revenus, de l'accès à l'alimentation et de la faim, des responsabilités familiales et domestiques, ainsi que des stratégies d'adaptation des ménages. Les auteurs évoquent également les mesures de soutien proposées par les gouvernements et les organisations de travailleurs informels. Enfin, ils énoncent une série de principes devant guider l'action en faveur de ce groupe. | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1399 | HEALTH: Covid-19 | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 | |
1400 | THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A POTTED HISTORY FOR (FUTURE) READERS | N/A | 2022 | CORD-19 |
(1) COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19). 2020. Version 2022-06-02. Retrieved from https://ai2-semanticscholar-cord-19.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/historical_releases.html. Accessed 2022-06-05. doi:10.5281/zenodo.3715506
(2) Chen Q, Allot A, & Lu Z. (2020) Keep up with the latest coronavirus research, Nature 579:193 and Chen Q, Allot A, Lu Z. LitCovid: an open database of COVID-19 literature. Nucleic Acids Research. 2020. (version 2023-01-10)
(3) Currently tweets of June 23rd to June 29th 2022 have been considered.