| Title | Venue | Year | Impact | Source |
| 6401 | Co-creating Knowledge with Robots: System, Synthesis and Symbiosis In the contemporary robotizing knowledge economy, robots take increasing responsibility for accomplishing knowledge-related tasks that so far have been in the human domain. This profoundly changes the knowledge-creation processes that are at the core of the knowledge economy. Knowledge creation is an interactive spatial process through which ideas are transformed into new and justified outcomes, such as novel knowledge and innovations. However, knowledge-creation processes have rarely been studied in the context of human–robot co-creation. In this article, we take the perspective of key actors who create the future of robotics, namely, robotics-related students and researchers. Their thoughts and actions construct the knowledge co-creation processes that emerge between humans and robots. We ask whether robots can have and create knowledge, what kind of knowledge, and what kind of spatialities connect to interactive human–robot knowledge-creation processes. The article’s empirical material consists of interviews with 34 robotics-related researchers and students at universities in Finland and Singapore as well as observations of human–robot interactions there. Robots and humans form top-down systems, interactive syntheses, and integrated symbioses in spatial knowledge co-creation processes. Most interviewees considered that robots can have knowledge. Some perceived robots as machines and passive agents with rational knowledge created in hierarchical systems. Others saw robots as active actors and learning co-workers having constructionist knowledge created in syntheses. Symbioses integrated humans and robots and allowed robots and human–robot cyborgs access to embodied knowledge. | N/A | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6402 | Career Satisfaction and Adult Attachment Style Among Working Adults: Evidence from Turkey This study examined the relationship between employee attachment style, organizational factors, and career satisfaction among adult employees in Turkey. A total of 288 (167 female, 121 male) employees working in two sectors participated in this study with an age range of 22 to 60 years (M = 31.8, SD = 7.4). Adult attachment styles were measured with the Relationship Scales Questionnaire and career satisfaction was assessed with the Career Satisfaction Scale. A series of multiple hierarchical regression analyses and correlational analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between career satisfaction, attachment style, and organizational factors. The results revealed that organizational factors and attachment styles are important predictive measures of career satisfaction. A unique finding was the positive relationship between dismissing attachment and career satisfaction, a result we interpret as an outcome related to economic insecurity and crisis. Both theoretical and applied implications of the results are discussed and suggestions for future directions are addressed. | N/A | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6403 | Deep learning-based load forecasting considering data reshaping using MATLABSimulink Load forecasting is a nonlinear problem and complex task that plays a key role in power system planning, operation, and control. A recent study proposed a deep learning approach called historical data augmentation (HDA) to improve the accuracy of the load forecasting model by dividing the input data into several yearly sub-datasets. When the original data is associated with high time step changes from 1 year to another, the approach was not found as effective as it should be for long-term forecasting because the time-series information is disconnected by the approach between the end of 1-year sub-data and the beginning of the next-year sub-data. Alternatively, this paper proposes the use of 2-year sub-dataset in order to connect the two ends of the yearly subsets. A correlation analysis is conducted to show how the yearly datasets are correlated to each other. In addition, a Simulink-based program is introduced to simulate the problem which has an advantage of visualizing the algorithm. To increase the model generalization, several inputs are considered in the model including load demand profile, weather information, and some important categorical data such as week-day and weekend data that are embedded using one-hot encoding technique. The deep learning methods used in this study are the long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated rest unit (GRU) neural networks which have been increasingly employed in the recent years for time series and sequence problems. To provide a theoretical background on these models, a new picturized detail is presented. The proposed method is applied to the Kurdistan regional load demands and compared with classical methods of data inputting demonstrating improvements in both the model accuracy and training time. | N/A | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6404 | a short history of the climate change litigation boom across Europe The aim of this paper is to map the most significant milestones in the emergence and development of climate change litigation in Europe. The climate crisis has arrived at the epicentre of the global political agenda and the EU aspires to have a leading role in the efforts to deal with global warming. Along with EU climate action, the number of climate-related court cases on the European landscape, both at regional and domestic level, is constantly on the increase. In this context, this paper unpacks the main elements of the landmark climate rulings across Europe as well as the key challenges relating to climate litigation. | N/A | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6405 | Mehr Fortschritt wagen-auch in der Gesundheitspolitik? | N/A | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6406 | Mehr als nur das pandemische Herz Deutschlands | N/A | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6407 | Remembering Emeritus Professor Arnold L. Demain (April 26, 1927-April 3, 2020) | J Antibiot (Tokyo) | 2020 | | CORD-19 |
| 6408 | A blank piece of paper | N/A | 2020 | | CORD-19 |
| 6409 | Touchless Compression Using Shallow Kinetics Induced by Metronome (SKIM) Purpose/Objective(s) As an alternative to conventional compression approaches (e.g., hard plate or belt) amidst the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we have developed a touchless motion management strategy for stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). By increasing the patient's breathing rate to induce fast shallow-breathing (FSB) with the aid of a metronome, our hypothesis was that the motion magnitude of the target would be minimized with no physical contact and compression. Materials/Methods Ten SBRT patients who were treated under FSB were selected for this study: 4 lung and 6 liver cases. Our proposed method is called shallow kinetics induced by metronome (SKIM). We have used a metronome by setting the beats-per-minute (BPM) in the range of 50–60 to induce the SB. This corresponded to a patient breathing rate of 25–30 (breathing) cycles-per-minute. Two 4DCT scans, free-breathing (FB) and SKIM, were acquired and exported to commercially available software. Subsequently, the motion magnitude of the target in a superior-to-inferior direction was measured in each data set and compared. Results The respiratory motion was greatly reduced when using SKIM. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) values of motion magnitude of the target in FB and SKIM across patients were 1.65 ± 0.93 cm and 0.76 ± 0.20 cm, respectively. Among these cases, the mean BPM setting of the metronome was 55.2. Conclusion Compared with FB, the SKIM technique could significantly reduce the respiratory motion magnitude of thoracic and abdominal targets. Our proposed method can be an excellent practical alternative to the conventional compression methods due to its flexibility and ease of implementation, especially during a global pandemic when minimal physical contact is crucial for the safety of both patients and care providers. Table 1. The comparison of motion magnitude of the target between free-breathing (FB) and shallow kinetics induced by metronome (SKIM). The mean ± standard deviation values across patients were 1.65 ± 0.93 cm and 0.76 ± 0.20 cm, respectively. | Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys | 2021 | | CORD-19 |
| 6410 | Surveillance and the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic for formerly incarcerated individuals To date, most criminal justice research on COVID-19 has examined the rapid spread within prisons. We shift the focus to reentry via in-depth interviews with formerly incarcerated individuals in central Ohio, specifically focusing on how criminal justice contact affected the pandemic experience. In doing so, we use the experience of the pandemic to build upon criminological theories regarding surveillance, including both classic theories on surveillance during incarceration as well as more recent scholarship on community surveillance, carceral citizenship, and institutional avoidance. Three findings emerged. First, participants felt that the total institution of prison “prepared” them for similar experiences such as pandemic-related isolation. Second, shifts in community supervision formatting, such as those forced by the pandemic, lessened the coercive nature of community supervision, expressed by participants as an increase in autonomy. Third, establishment of institutional connections while incarcerated alleviated institutional avoidance resulting from hyper-surveillance, specifically in the domain of healthcare, which is critical when a public health crisis strikes. While the COVID-19 pandemic affected all, this article highlights how theories of surveillance inform unique aspects of the pandemic for formerly incarcerated individuals, while providing pathways forward for reducing the impact of surveillance. | Punishm Soc | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6411 | CORRIGENDUM to "Diarised Reflections on COVID-19 and Bereavement: Disruptions and Affordances" | Illn Crises Loss | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6412 | Assessment of ventilation rates inside educational buildings in Southwestern Europe: Analysis of implemented strategic measures The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has highlighted the need to ensure good indoor air quality. Public buildings (educational buildings in particular) have come under the spotlight because students, teachers and staff spend long periods of the day indoors. This study presents a measurement campaign for the assessment of ventilation rate (VR) and ventilation strategies in educational buildings in Southwestern Europe, Portugal and Spain. A representative sample of the teaching spaces of the Azurém Campus (Guimarães, Portugal) and the Fuentenueva Campus (Granada, Spain) have been analyzed. Natural ventilation is the predominant ventilation strategy in these spaces, being the most common strategy in educational buildings in Europe. VR was estimated under different configurations, using the CO2 decay method. Subsequently, the CO2 concentration was estimated according to occupancy and the probability of infection risk was calculated using the Wells-Riley equation. The obtained VR varied between 2.9 and 20.1 air change per hour (ACH) for natural cross ventilation, 2.0 to 5.1 ACH for single-sided ventilation and 1.8 to 3.5 for mechanically ventilated classrooms. Large differences in CO2 concentrations were verified, depending on the analyzed ventilation strategy, ranging from 475 to 3903 ppm for the different scenarios. However, the probability of risk was less than 1% in almost all of the classrooms analyzed. The results obtained from the measurement campaign showed that the selection of an appropriate ventilation strategy can provide sufficient air renewal and maintain a low risk of infection. Ventilation strategies need to be reconsidered as a consequence of the health emergency arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. | N/A | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6413 | Transient optic neuritis and perineuritis associated with anti-MOG antibody after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination Backgrounds: To report the first case of left optic neuritis and perineuritis associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination. Case presentation: A 39-year-old woman was referred and admitted to our hospital due to transient left visual field abnormality with left ophthalmalgia and headache 12 days after the first vaccination dose of SARS-CoV-2 (BNT162b2). On admission (Day 2), she presented with left ophthalmalgia and headache without any other neurological deficits including the movement of eyeballs, visual field, visual acuity, or nystagmus. MRI on Day 2 suggested slight left optic neural swelling; Gadolinium-enhanced MRI on Day 4 revealed left optic perineuritis. Test for serum anti-aquaporin 4 antibody was negative, whereas anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody was positive. She was diagnosed with left optic perineuritis after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Her visual disturbance never recurred and her ophthalmalgia and headache subsided only with anti-inflammatory agents. Discussion: Many cases of optic neuritis associated with vaccinations have been reported except for SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA. To our knowledge, only one neuromyelitis optica case was associated with anti-MOG antibody. Therefore, we propose that SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination may induce transient optic neuritis and perineuritis, associated with anti-MOG antibody in the present case. Conclusion: This is the first case of left optic neuritis and perineuritis associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination. | N/A | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6414 | Virtual autopsy in COVID-19 positive sudden death of a young adult male; a forensic case report | N/A | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6415 | An evaluation of anxiety and depression symptoms in public and private college students in Sao Paulo, Brazil: conjuncture of the COVID-19 pandemic | Brain Behav Immun | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6416 | Investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime incidents number in different cities The COVID-19 pandemic is strongly affecting many aspects of human life and society around the world. To investigate whether this pandemic also influences crime, the differences of crime incidents numbers before and during the pandemic in four large cities (namely Washington DC, Chicago, New York City and Los Angeles) are investigated. Moreover, the Granger causal relationships between crime incidents numbers and new cases of COVID-19 are also examined. Based on that, new cases of COVID-19 with significant Granger causal correlations are used to improve the crime prediction performance. The results show that crime is generally impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, but it varies in different cities and with different crime types. Most types of crimes have seen fewer incidents numbers during the pandemic than before. Several Granger causal correlations are found between the COVID-19 cases and crime incidents in these cities. More specifically, crime incidents numbers of theft in DC, Chicago and New York City, fraud in DC and Los Angeles, assault in Chicago and New York City, and robbery in Los Angeles and New York City, are significantly Granger caused by the new case of COVID-19. These results may be partially explained by the Routine Activity theory and Opportunity theory that people may prefer to stay at home to avoid being infected with COVID-19 during the pandemic, giving fewer chances for crimes. In addition, involving new cases of COVID-19 as a variable can slightly improve the performance of crime prediction in terms of some specific types of crime. This study is expected to obtain deeper insights to the relationships between the pandemic and crime in different cities, and to provide new attempts for crime prediction during the pandemic. | N/A | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6417 | P30 Bacterial coinfection and prescribing trends in SARS-CoV-2 infection in two UK hospitals OBJECTIVES: To describe antibiotic prescribing and early bacterial and fungal coinfection in patients admitted to two London hospitals with COVID-19. METHODS: A retrospective review of adults with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted between 9 February and 10 May 2020. Demographics, critical care unit (CCU) admission, antibiotic prescribing and microbiology results within 10 days of COVID-19 diagnosis were analysed. RESULTS: In total, 1155 patients were identified; 32.9% (380) died during admission and 12.4% (143) had positive microbiology. After excluding likely contaminants, 6.9% (80) had evidence of coinfection. The most common organisms isolated from blood cultures were Escherichia coli 9.5% (7), Klebsiella pneumoniae 4.0% (3), and MSSA 2.7% (2). Organisms isolated from lower respiratory tract samples included Candida albicans 44.4% (12), Staphylococcus aureus 22.2% (6), Klebsiella species 11.0% (3), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 11.0% (3) and Citrobacter species 11% (3). Legionella and pneumococcal urinary antigen tests were positive in 0/117 and 2/71 episodes, respectively. Patients admitted to CCU during their inpatient stay were more likely to have positive microbiology compared with patients managed outside CCU (26.2% versus 11.0%, P<0.001). Ninety-one percent (1051) of all patients received antibiotics. Clarithromycin (24.2% total antibiotic use) and amoxicillin (21%) were most frequently used, followed by piperacillin/tazobactam (12.6%), gentamicin (10.6%), co-amoxiclav (9.3%) and meropenem (3.2%). Patients given piperacillin/tazobactam or meropenem had a higher length of stay and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial coinfection in COVID-19 is uncommon, but more frequent in patients requiring CCU admission. Antibiotic use was widespread, despite lack of microbiological evidence of coinfection. When present, infection was more likely due to Gram-negative bacteria. Future local clinical and antimicrobial guidelines should reflect these findings. | JAC Antimicrob Resist | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6418 | P36 Procalcitonin as an antimicrobial stewardship tool in the COVID-19 era: a single center experience BACKGROUND: Procalcitonin (PCT) is a biomarker which may have greater specificity than other pro-inflammatory markers in identifying bacterial infection and may aid in antimicrobial stewardship in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: A PCT assay by Abbott diagnostics was introduced in our hospital in November 2020. Over a 12 week period, we prospectively recorded all PCT results on in-patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, as well as stewardship actions taken following discussion with the ICU physicians. Microbiology records were reviewed to ascertain whether bacterial infection was subsequently confirmed. RESULTS: Sixty-four PCT results were recorded on 27 patients (Table 1). Antimicrobials were discontinued on 12 occasions and withheld on 16 occasions where PCT was <0.5 ng/mL. No cases of confirmed bacterial infection were diagnosed in patients with PCT concentrations of <0.05 ng/mL; however definite bacterial infection was confirmed in two patients (one case of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection; one case of Staphylococcus epidermidis CVC infection), and bacterial infection was designated probable in five patients with PCT ≥0.05 ng/mL and <0.5 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS: PCT may be a useful tool in enabling antimicrobial stewardship actions in patients with severe COVID-19, but results need to be interpreted within the clinical context. | JAC Antimicrob Resist | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6419 | P12 Important early prognostic laboratory indicators for COVID-19 mortality BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has been marked as a highly pathogenic coronavirus of COVID-19 disease which has caused a pandemic into the human population, with a different course in different people, which contributed to the death of approximately over 5.02 million confirmed cases worldwide up till now. For this reason, it is quite important to have the earliest possible evaluation of laboratory-assisted indicators, especially for mortality risk prediction in developing countries, in addition to other clinical and imaging evaluations in order every physician to make the right medical decision. METHODS: In total, 277 patients of Infectious Diseases Hospital, UHC “Mother Teresa” were enrolled. All of them tested positive for COVID-19. We evaluated indicators such as d-dimer (N = 0–500 μg/L), lactate dehydrogenase LDH (N = 95–200 U/L) and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (control group = 1.7 ± 0.392) in two groups of patients, the first one of 144 patients who were discharged from the hospital and the second one of 133 patients who died. RESULTS: What we observed was that the results were different for every test we performed in each group. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was 8.69 ± 4.9 for the first group versus 14.7 ± 12.3 for the second one, P<0.05 (P = 0.013), LDH = 427 ± 241 versus 715 ± 347, P<0.05 (P = 0.0002), d-dimer = 1387 ± 763 versus 2650 ± 1322, P>0.05 (P = 0.28). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to LDH as a prognostic factor, the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was considered as a low cost examination for severe prognosis and mortality risk (P<0.05), which can also serve as an alert for primary services for patient hospitalization, especially in developing countries after his clinical and image evaluation. | JAC Antimicrob Resist | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6420 | P13 Development of a consult and antimicrobial stewardship service in Manchester Foundation Trust OBJECTIVES: To prospectively audit the first year of the North Manchester infectious diseases AMS and Consult service June 2020 to June 2021 to: (i) characterize the number of patients who had antibiotic treatment narrowed, duration reduced and/or switch to oral options; (ii) assess documentation of indication and duration of antibiotic prescriptions; (iii) determine whether or not the appropriate microbiological specimens have been performed and with the lab; (iv) identify the impact on antibiotic consumption measured in defined daily dose (DDDs); and (v) establish whether base teams act on the advice given by the Consult/AMS team (data over a 6 week period). METHODS: On weekdays an electronic prescribing list of all patients prescribed piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem and ciprofloxacin was generated, and the consults team performed either a bedside or notes review. Data was collected prospectively on 730 patients on which infection was treated, which specialty managed the patient, microbiology samples sent, duration and indication of treatment documentation, and advice given by consults team. Data was then collected over a further 6 weeks looking at whether the base specialty carried out the advice of the AMS team. RESULTS: The main indication for broad spectrum antibiotic use was urinary tract infection (151/720) and hospital acquired pneumonia (104/720). Poor documentation of antimicrobial indication and duration was observed across all specialties (277/720). Just over 50% of appropriate microbiology samples were sent (422/726). For 42% of cases (311/730), colleagues were advised to stop or reduce antibiotic duration. In 30% of cases (220/730), narrowing of antibiotic spectrum was advised. Thirty percent (219/730) were advised on IV to oral switch. There was a modest reduction in antimicrobial consumption in some specialties comparing the year prior to the introduction of the service 2019–20 to 2020–21; 17.4% reduction respiratory (7810/9137), 0.2% increase in medicine (272698/267351) and 2.1% surgery (68722/67309). In 81 patients reviewed to look at outcomes over 6 weeks, 88% of Consult/AMS team advice was actioned by the lead specialties involved in the patients’ care. CONCLUSIONS: (i) There is a substantial need for an AMS service within the hospital. (ii) Outcome data shows the ward teams engage with the service and most follow advice. (iii) The service contributed to limiting inappropriate prescribing during the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a modest rise in hospital-wide consumption. (iv) The AMS service needs to be available to provide patient equity across Manchester Foundation Trust, fostering a city-wide AMS strategy that encompasses education, guidelines, audit and quality improvement. | JAC Antimicrob Resist | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6421 | P20 COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA): review of utility of local CAPA guideline and MDT in directing diagnosis and antifungal stewardship BACKGROUND: COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is a recognized but incompletely characterized secondary fungal infection reported to be associated with increased mortality in patients in the ICU. Case definitions have been published but lack clarity: clinical and radiological features are non-specific and rely heavily on mycological tests for which both a timely availability and accuracy pose an issue contributing to the wide range of incidence reported of 4%–34%. In April 2021, we introduced a CAPA guideline for ICU patients at St George's University Hospital including when to suspect and how to investigate for CAPA (see Figure 1). The aim of this study was to evaluate its utility in identifying patients meeting ECMM_ISHAM criteria for possible/probable CAPA. METHODS: Between March 2020 and May 2021 a retrospective audit was completed that identified all PCR-confirmed COVID-19 ICU patients prescribed either voriconazole, caspofungin, anidulafungin and AmBisome and reviewed their medical records, imaging and microbiology results categorizing patients into proven, probable, possible or unlikely CAPA based on ECMM/ISHAM criteria. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients were prescribed the specified antifungals. All had CT imaging and varying microbiological investigations. Real-time clinical decisions on empirical antifungal prescribing for CAPA (start or stop) were made by a multidisciplinary team (MDT) comprising Microbiology and ICU physicians in light of clinical, microbiology and radiology findings. Nine of 21 patients prescribed empirical antifungals had radiological evidence of CAPA. Aspergillus fumigatus was cultured in six patients from bronchoalveolar lavage and two patients from sputum/trachea. Of these, seven were deemed significant and one attributed to colonization. Two patients were diagnosed with ‘probable’ and five as ‘possible’ CAPA, of whom one died. All seven patients received antifungal treatment for CAPA of varying duration (range 18–49 days). Only one patient had an underlying host risk factor (B cell lymphoma). Of those defined with probable/possible CAPA, average time from intubation to treatment was 18.4 days (range 8–31) and from onset of COVID symptoms to treatment was 28.5 days (range 18–49). Three of 21 patients were treated empirically for CAPA and all 3 died prior to further investigation and 15 patients following an MDT were felt to have unlikely CAPA. Serum BDG and GM were negative in all patients with probable/possible CAPA. CONCLUSIONS: The St George's CAPA guideline would have picked up two out of seven cases; two cases had antifungals started in another hospital so the utility of this guideline could not be assessed. Based on analysis of these cases the following changes were made to the guideline: (i) to assess patients ≥8 days post ICU admission (rather than ≥10 days) and (ii) assess patients following ≥3 days post appropriate antibiotic therapy (rather than following ≥5 days). Serum BDG and GM were negative in all patients with probable/possible CAPA prior to starting treatment therefore negative serum markers do not exclude diagnosis; this is consistent with experience reported elsewhere. Radiological presentations of CAPA were variable and wide ranging, and BAL sampling was not always possible, therefore we found the MDT approach including radiology, infection, respiratory and ICU invaluable in making decisions regarding treatment. This helped to reduce the use of fungal diagnostics, antifungal agents and appropriately manage patients with potential CAPA. The rationalization of antifungal use by the introduction of this guidelines was particularly important and also expedited the introduction of in-house fungal diagnostics. | JAC Antimicrob Resist | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6422 | P27 Bacterial coinfection and antibiotic stewardship in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis INTRODUCTION: Understanding the proportion of patients with COVID-19 who have respiratory bacterial coinfections and the responsible pathogens is important to managing COVID-19 effectively while ensuring responsible antibiotic use. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the frequency of bacterial coinfection in COVID-19 patients and of antibiotic prescribing and to appraise the use of antibiotic stewardship criteria. METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using major databases up to May 15, 2020. We included studies that reported a) proportion/prevalence of bacterial coinfection in COVID-19 patients and b) use of antibiotics. Where available, data on duration and type of antibiotics, adverse events, and any information about antibiotic stewardship policies were also collected. RESULTS: We included 39 studies with a total of 10 815 patients. The overall prevalence of bacterial coinfection was 10.6% (95% CI 6.8%–14.3%). When only confirmed bacterial coinfections were included the prevalence was 4.6% (95% CI 2.9%–7%). Thirty-five bacterial species were identified, the most frequent being Mycoplasma pneumoniae (n = 12 [34%]), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 4 [11.4%]) and Legionella pneumophila (n = 2 [6%]). The overall antibiotic use was 71.3% (95% CI 63.1%–79.5%). Only one study described criteria for stopping them. All included studies had a moderate to high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: There is currently insufficient evidence to support widespread empirical use of antibiotics in most hospitalized patients with COVID-19, as the overall proportion of bacterial coinfection is low. Furthermore, as the use of antibiotics appears currently to be largely empirical, it is necessary to formulate clinical guidelines to promote and support more targeted administration of antibiotics in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. | JAC Antimicrob Resist | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6423 | Universal antiviral surface solution against COVID-19 | N/A | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6424 | Thank you to our peer reviewers | Lancet Child Adolesc Health | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6425 | Continuity of Care in the Epicenter of a Global Pandemic: How One New York City Rehabilitation Psychology Outpatient Service Met the Challenge of COVID-19 | Arch Phys Med Rehabil | 2021 | | CORD-19 |
| 6426 | Public Interest in Distal Upper Extremity Pain and Workstation Ergonomics in the Context of COVID-19 | Arch Phys Med Rehabil | 2021 | | CORD-19 |
| 6427 | Immune Response to Viruses Viruses are essentially, obligate intracellular parasites. They require a host to replicate their genetic material, spread to other cells, and eventually to other hosts. For humans, most viral infections are not considered lethal, regardless if at the cellular level, the virus can obliterate individual cells. Constant genomic mutations, (which can alter the antigenic content of viruses such as influenza or coronaviruses), zoonosis or immunosuppression/immunocompromisation, is when viruses achieve higher host mortality. Frequent examples of the severe consequenses of viral infection can be seen in children and the elderly. In most instances, the immune system will take a multifaceted approach in defending the host against viruses. Depending on the virus, the individual, and the point of entry, the immune system will initiate a robust response which involves multiple components. In this chapter, we expand on the total immune system, breaking it down to the two principal types: Innate and Adaptive Immunity, their different roles in viral recognition and clearance. Finally, how different viruses activate and evade different arms of the immune system. | Encyclopedia of Infection and | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6428 | Feasibility and Acceptability of a Brief Videoconference-Delivered Group Intervention for COVID-related Anxiety in Neurorehabilitation Outpatients Living in the Epicenter of the Pandemic | Arch Phys Med Rehabil | 2021 | | CORD-19 |
| 6429 | Virtual Care and Home-Based LED Treatment for TBI During COVID-19 Pandemic | Arch Phys Med Rehabil | 2021 | | CORD-19 |
| 6430 | Varicella zoster virus infection due to Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and sinovac vaccine in two relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients during fingolimod therapy Along with the Covid-19 infection, newly developed Covid-19 vaccines have also entered our lives. While the immunomodulatory/immune suppressor treatments are used mainly in individuals with diseases affecting the immune system like multiple sclerosis, possible side effects that may develop due to the vaccines applied have begun to be followed closely. Varicella-zoster virüs (VZV) reactivation also seems to be one of the complications after various Covid-19 vaccines. Here, we presented two patients who developed HZ infection after being vaccinated with two different vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 and Sinovac) and thought to be related to the possible vaccine. | N/A | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6431 | Impact of the first COVID-19 shutdown on traumatological patient volumes in Switzerland Background The coronavirus has caused a worldwide pandemic with serious impacts on our healthcare systems. Many countries experienced a decline in traumatological patient volume. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the first lockdown on traumatological patient volume in Switzerland. Methods We retrospectively used a prospective national quality measurement database. We compared the period of the first lockdown in Switzerland from March 17 to April 26, 2020 to the same period in the years 2018 and 2019. Included were all adult patients with any S-code (trauma) according to the International Classification of Diseases. Results In total, we assessed 3874 patients (1779 in the year 2018, 1303 in the year 2019, and 792 in the year 2020) with a mean age of 61 ± 21 years. The patients during the lockdown period had significantly more injuries to the hip and forearm, had more comorbidities, and were more likely to have statutory insurance. During the lockdown period, more thromboembolism prophylaxis or anticoagulation was applied, and more patients needed antibiotic treatment. Conclusions The present study demonstrated a 40–55% reduction in patient volume during the lockdown period in Switzerland compared to the previous years. The in-hospital mortality and complication rate during the lockdown period remained stable. This study suggests that in-hospital care for trauma patients in Switzerland was not substantially affected by the first lockdown. | N/A | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6432 | "Principles of Assessment in Medical Education": A Review of Revised Second Edition | Int J Appl Basic Med Res | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6433 | On-Site Viral Inactivation and RNA Preservation of Gargle and Saliva Samples Combined with Direct Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on Magnetic Beads [Image: see text] Samples of nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) are commonly used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and diagnosis of COVID-19. As an alternative, self-collection of saliva and gargle samples minimizes transmission to healthcare workers and relieves the pressure of resources and healthcare personnel during the pandemic. This study aimed to develop an enhanced method enabling simultaneous viral inactivation and RNA preservation during on-site self-collection of saliva and gargle samples. Our method involves the addition of saliva or gargle samples to a newly formulated viral inactivation and RNA preservation (VIP) buffer, concentration of the viral RNA on magnetic beads, and detection of SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction directly from the magnetic beads. This method has a limit of detection of 25 RNA copies per 200 μL of gargle or saliva sample and 9–111 times higher sensitivity than the viral RNA preparation kit recommended by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The integrated method was successfully used to analyze more than 200 gargle and saliva samples, including the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in 123 gargle and saliva samples collected daily from two NPS-confirmed positive SARS-CoV-2 patients throughout the course of their infection and recovery. The VIP buffer is stable at room temperature for at least 6 months. SARS-CoV-2 RNA (65 copies/200 μL sample) is stable in the VIP buffer at room temperature for at least 3 weeks. The on-site inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and preservation of the viral RNA enables self-collection of samples, reduces risks associated with SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and maintains the stability of the target analyte. | ACS Meas Sci Au | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6434 | Is the Plastic Pandemic a Greater Threat to Humankind than COVID-19? [Image: see text] The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has initiated a radical attention shift of society toward the severe consequences it has had over human health, shadowing a symmetrically, if not more, important issue of the rapid intensification in the amount of plastic waste that has been generated over the due course of time. Such a growth in the plastic footprint across the globe has led to a carbon positive environment with an increased amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) released due to the processing of the waste plastic. We aim to address and provide our perception to this pressing challenge that can be decoded via the advancement of upcycling technologies, utilized and augmented worldwide. With the establishment of such sustainable policies and strategies, the global plastic footprint can be systematically mitigated, accelerating the world into economic circularity and environmental sustainability. | ACS Sustain Chem Eng | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6435 | Hospital discharge processes: Policy changes in England in response to COVID-19 | Physiotherapy | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6436 | Patient perspectives and numerical evaluation of a COVID secure hybrid rehabilitation programme following knee replacement surgery | Physiotherapy | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6437 | Exploring the holistic long-term impact on COVID-19 in a post-hospitalised patient cohort: A service improvement project | Physiotherapy | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6438 | Evaluation of a training programme to enable MSK physiotherapists to identify individuals with CFS symptoms post-COVID-19 | Physiotherapy | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6439 | Reshaping musculoskeletal (MSK) services adopting quality improvement (QI) approaches in response to COVID-19 pandemic-A virtual collaborative | Physiotherapy | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6440 | What do patients really think about virtual outpatient physiotherapy consultations?-A service evaluation during the Covid-19 pandemic | Physiotherapy | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6441 | A mixed-methods survey to explore issues with virtual consultations for musculoskeletal care during the COVID-19 pandemic | Physiotherapy | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6442 | Virtual exercise in response to the Covid-19 pandemic in people with cystic fibrosis | Physiotherapy | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6443 | A service evaluation looking at the impact of a student-led home based pulmonary rehabilitation exercise programme during the Covid-19 pandemic | Physiotherapy | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6444 | An evaluation of the outcomes of corticosteroid injections in a musculoskeletal clinic during COVID-19 | Physiotherapy | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6445 | Development of a self-management workbook and virtual programme for patients in the fife pain management service during the COVID-19 pandemic Keywords: Virtual;Pain;Covid-19 Purpose: Due to the Covid-19 crisis, face-to-face groups were cancelled in the fife pain management service (FPMS) for an indefinite period. This resulted in a group of patients, waiting to attend a face-to-face physiotherapy led education and exercise group, requiring an alternative format. Therefore, the need for a virtual alternative was established. The primary aim of the project was to develop and evaluate a patient self-learning resource that may be used on an individual basis, with virtual clinician support, or as part of a virtual group. The secondary aim was to develop and implement the use of this learning resource with patients on the physiotherapy led education and exercise group waiting list in a virtual environment. The tertiary aim of this project was to determine whether this virtual alternative would be an effective means of delivering pain management education during the covid-19 pandemic and beyond. Methods: A working group developed a patient self-management workbook based on the FPMS ‘Self-Management Jigsaw’ tool. An operational procedure was developed and implemented on how the workbook could be used during the pandemic and subsequent restrictions. Patients on the pre-pandemic group waiting list were invited to participate in the programme. The patients had a choice of (1) a telephone supported programme or (2) a video group programme. Due to the limitations of the service at the time, the telephone programme commenced first. The working group implemented the telephone programme operational procedure and collected patient and staff quantitative and qualitative feedback to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. Once feedback was analysed, the group made minor changes to the workbook and developed an operational procedure for a virtual video group programme. This programme was piloted and qualitative and quantitative data was collected, analysed and compared to the telephone pilot group. Results: This project demonstrated the usefulness of a workbook to support pain education virtually. The workbook was better received in the video group (9.75/10) to the telephone cohort (7.5/10). Due to limitations within this pilot project, we are unable to ascertain the reason for this. The telephone support was equally effective and valuable in both pilot groups from both quantitative and qualitative data. Both groups reported high satisfaction rates with an average of 9.5/10, with multiple positive qualitative feedback. This data suggest the user led video approach supported engagement within the group based on the comparison of retention rates. Conclusion(s): The project demonstrates that these programmes have the potential to be an effective means of delivering pain education and have a place within the service post Covid-19. However, they are very much in their infancy and further virtual programmes within the FPMS are required to determine longer term effectiveness and efficiency. Impact: Further research is required to determine whether the delivery of virtual physiotherapy led pain education and exercise groups are effective and offer comparable results to face-to-face groups. Additionally, research is required to establish which factors enable service users to engage effectively with virtual physiotherapy led pain education and exercise programmes. Funding acknowledgements: This work was not funded. | Physiotherapy | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6446 | Pre-registration physiotherapy education in the COVID-19 era: A comparison of module results between students receiving traditional face-to-face or online-only education | Physiotherapy | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6447 | Embracing change: A team's response to COVID-19 | Physiotherapy | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6448 | A retrospective review of the use of text message communication for a musculoskeletal service during COVID-19 | Physiotherapy | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6449 | Training physiotherapists to support the delivery of a COVID-19 rehabilitation programme | Physiotherapy | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
| 6450 | Patient experience of remote musculoskeletal physiotherapy consultation during COVID-19: A mixed methods study | Physiotherapy | 2022 | | CORD-19 |
